STAMP ISSUES AFTER THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY
Mongolia – 60th Anniversary of Admission to the United Nations
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Issue date: 26/10/2021
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Miniature sheet (140x100mm) commemorating the 60th anniversary of the admission of Mongolia to the United Nations (UN) on 27 October 1961. The sheet consists of six postage stamps (36x36mm) of 1000 ₮. The margins show the flags of the UN and Mongolia. At the top right is the state emblem; in the lower margin is 60th anniversary emblem. Description of the stamps (from left to right, and from top to bottom): 1. First stamp: Prime Minister Marshal Khorloogiin Choibalsan signing Mongolia’s first application to join United Nations in 1946. 2. Second stamp: Golden Gerege presented by the Government of Mongolia; in the background: UN Headquarters in New York. 3. Third stamp: Mongolia joined the United Nations as its 101st Member in 1961. Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal, First Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, who addressed the UN General Assembly in 1961. Shown at the left of the eleven Delegates; four people of the Mongolian Delegation after raising the country’s flag in One UN Plaza in New York. 4. Fourth stamp: Mongolia’s initiatives at the UN (see footnote). 5. Fifth stamp: 60th Anniversary logo of Mongolia's admission to the United Nations surrounded by emblems of the various Organs, Organizations, and Specialized Agencies of the UN, including ICAO’s logo. 6. Sixth stamp shows the 17 UN Goals to transform the world.
Eleven thousand copies were printed. |
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Imperforate sheet. |
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Official First Day Cover (front and back). Sequential number in the back: 795. One thousand copies printed. Size: 223x116mm.
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The aerogram related to this issue.
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Background: Mongolia became a Member of the UN on 27 October 1961. This country became a Member of ICAO on 7 October 1989, after receipt of notification of adherence on 7 September 1989. The six postage stamps (corresponding to SIX decades) are an important source of information for future generations and history of Mongolia.
Unveiling of the souvenir sheet The opening ceremony of the first day of the postage stamp “60th anniversary of Mongolia's accession to the United Nations” was held on 26 October 2021 as part of the “UN Week” (from 20 to 27 October) series of events to mark the 60th anniversary of Mongolia's accession to the United Nations and to promote the significance of this historical milestone to the Mongolian public. It was held in the “Номин” танхимд of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Mongolia. The opening ceremony was attended by N. Ankhbayar, State Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Mr. Tapan Mishra, UN Resident Coordinator, B. Ankhbaatar, Executive Director of Mongol Post Office, Senior Diplomats and Researchers.
Unveiling of a series of 6 postal stamps dedicated to the 60th anniversary of Mongolia's accession to the UN.
Currency of Mongolia The tögrög or tugrik (Mongolian Cyrillic: төгрөг, Mongolian script: ᠲᠥᠭᠦᠷᠢᠭ, transcription: tögürig) is the official currency of Mongolia. The currency sign is ₮. The tögrög was introduced on 9 December 1925.
Note about Khorloogiin Choibalsan Khorloogiin Choibalsan was the leader of Mongolia (Mongolian People's Republic) and Marshal (chief general commander) of the Mongolian People's Army from the 1930s until his death in 1952. Choibalsan died in Moscow where he had been undergoing treatment for cancer. His rule marked the first and last time in modern Mongolian history that an individual had complete political power. Further to a referendum in Mongolia, the government of the Republic of China formally recognized the independence of Mongolia on 5 January 1946. Choibalsan was succeeded as Prime Minister by Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal. He was first prime minister (1952-1974) and then head of state (1974-1984) of Mongolia during the country’s communist period. Tsedenbal began building a personality cult around himself. His autocratic style of rule was centred around pro-Soviet policies that sided with the Soviet Union’s foreign policy (notably in Sino-Soviet relations) and relied on Mongolia’s large northern neighbour for military security and for nearly all of its foreign trade. Tsedenbal was ousted from power in August 1984.
Note about the Gerege A paiza or paizi or gerege (Middle Mongolian: Гэpэrэ, Mongolian: Пaйз, Persian: پایزه pāiza, Chinese: 牌子 páizi) was a tablet carried by Mongol officials and envoys to signify certain privileges and authority. The stamp shows a Gerege in Mongolian script, found in the former territory of the Mongol Golden Horde. The gerege enabled Mongol nobles and officials to demand goods and services from civilian populations.
Note on Mongolia’s admission to the United Nations in 1961
Further to the independence of Mongolia, the prime minister of the Mongolian People’s Republic (MPR), Khorloogiin Choibalsan, applied for UN membership on 24 June 1946. The entry of Mongolian People's Republic (MPR) into the United Nations (UN), from its first application in 1946, took 15 years. In the context of the global Cold War, UN membership became a tool to strengthen the influence of the USA and the Soviet Union. They supported the membership of their respective clients, while opposed it for clients of their adversary. Consequently, from 1947 to 1955, no new members joined the organization for 8 years. However, the extension of UN membership to the newly independent African countries in the mid-1950s led to a US-Soviet struggle for allies among them. In this regard, the Soviet Union succeeded in linking the package admission of the MPR and Mauritania with the issue of China's representation. The USA, seeking to ingratiate itself to new African UN members and thus gain their collaboration on the question of China's representation and other UN issues crucial to American interests, ultimately compromised, consenting to the MPR's entry. Since Mongolia first applied to join the United Nations in 1946, it has repeatedly applied in 1947, 1948, 1949, 1952, 1955, 1956, and 1957. Between 1946 and 1961, Mongolia's accession to the United Nations was discussed 13 times in the General Assembly. In conclusion, the MPR's admittance to the UN was the result of the struggles and compromises of the two superpowers. On 25 October 1961 at its 971st Meeting, the UN Security Council passed Resolution 166(1961) recommending to the General Assembly that Mongolia be admitted to membership in the United Nations with nine votes to none and one abstention; on 27 October 1961 at the 1043rd Plenary Meeting of the 16th Session, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution A/RES/1630(XVI) admitting Mongolian People’s Republic to the United Nations. Minister of Foreign Affairs B. Jargalsaikhan, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs Dondog Tsevegmid, Bayar Dashtseren and B. Vanchindorj travelled from Mongolia to the UN on this occasion in 1961 and are shown in the picture below. On the same day, the Islamic Republic of Mauritania was admitted to the UN; their Delegates are therefore shown in the picture below.
Official picture taken after raising the Mongolian golden Soyombot flag on One UN Plaza in New York. An extract of this picture was used for the fourth stamp of the souvenir sheet. Delegations of Mongolia (left) and Mauritania (right) to the UN. Photo credit United Nations.
Mongolia’s initiatives at the United Nations The fourth stamp of the souvenir sheet provides a list of Mongolia’s initiatives at the UN, as follows (from left to right, up to bottom): 1. Mongolia’s nuclear-weapon-free status; 2. Improvement of the situation of women and girls in rural areas; 3. Economic and development challenges of developing countries; 4. Peaceful coexistence of the Nations; 5. UN literacy decade; 6. Disarmament week; 7. Landlocked developing countries’ needs.
These initiatives are somewhat detailed hereafter. As of 2022, Mongolia initiated more than 70 resolutions in the General Assembly, of which 10 were adopted in the prior five years. As a result of Mongolia’s concerted action, the UN General Assembly adopted resolution 53/77 (D) on "Mongolia's international security and nuclear-weapon-free status" at its 53rd session in 1998. Indicating the country’s eagerness to transition to a sustainable development model and a low-carbon economy, the Parliament of Mongolia adopted a Green Development Policy in 2014. Mongolia is closely cooperating with the United Nations agencies such as the United Nations Environmental Program in ensuring the country’s sustainable development and environmental protection. Provision of human rights became one of the indicators for identifying the prestige of certain countries at the international level. In the human rights area, Mongolia is guided by the principles of its Constitution and international human rights instruments, in particular Human Rights Declaration, Political and Civil Rights Pact, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Pact, and other multilateral treaties and agreements. Mongolia attaches a great significance to the universal effort to eradicate illiteracy and promote "Education for All". Emphasizing the central role of the UN in the multilateral system, Mongolia consistently supported UN reform to adapt it to the needs of the 21st century with a view to enhancing its efficiency and capacity to effectively address the full range of challenges of our time. Mongolia gives a priority to preventive diplomacy measures and supports United Nations peacekeeping operations. Mongolia has been promoting friendly relations with developing countries and cooperating with them in achieving common goals within the framework of the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of 77 and China. G-77 or Group of 77 refers to the seventy-seven developing countries that did not benefit from the fast growth western economies experienced in the 1950s and 1960s. So, they organized themselves into G-77. They wanted a New International Economic Order (NIEO), meaning a system that would give them real control over their natural resources, more development assistance, fairer prices for raw materials and better access for their manufactured goods in developed countries' market. The principles of the G-77 were outlined in the Charter of Algiers, which was adopted in 1967. The G-77 subsequently developed an institutional structure consisting of five chapters based in Geneva, Nairobi, Paris, Rome, and Vienna and an Intergovernmental Group of 24 based in Washington, D.C.
Note on the Sustained Development Goals The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by all United Nations Member States in September 2015, provide a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future. At its heart are the 17 interlinked global Goals, which are an urgent call for action by all countries – developed and developing – in a global partnership to transform the world. They recognize that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand with strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth – all while tackling climate change and working to preserve our oceans and forests. The 17 Goals are all interconnected, and in order to leave no one behind; it is important to achieve them all by 2030. The 17 SDGs are: 1) No Poverty; 2) Zero Hunger; 3) Good Health and Well-being; 4) Quality Education; 5) Gender Equality; 6) Clean Water and Sanitation; 7) Affordable and Clean Energy; 8) Decent Work and Economic Growth; 9) Industry; Innovation and Infrastructure; 10) Reduced Inequality; 11) Sustainable Cities and Communities; 12) Responsible Consumption and Production; 13) Climate Action; 14) Life Below Water; 15) Life on Land; 16) Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions; and 17) Partnerships for the Goals.
Note of Mongolia’s flag
The national flag of Mongolia is a vertical triband with a red stripe on each side and a blue stripe in the middle, with the Mongolian Soyombo symbol centring on the leftmost stripe. The blue stripe represents the eternal blue sky, and the red stripes thriving for eternity. The Soyombo symbol is a geometric abstraction that represents fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and a Taijitu symbol representing the duality of yin and yang. Special character of the Soyombo script (developed by the monk and scholar Zanabazar in 1686 to write Mongolian), the Soyombo symbol, became a national symbol of Mongolia and has appeared on the national flag since 1921 and on the Emblem of Mongolia since 1960, as well as on money, stamps, etc. The elements of the symbol are given the following significance (from top): Fire is a general symbol of eternal growth, wealth, and success. The three tongues of the flame represent the past, present, and future. Sun and moon symbolize that the Mongolian nation will exist for eternity as the eternal blue sky. Sun, moon and fire symbols derived from Xiongnu. The two triangles allude to the point of an arrow or spear. They point downward to announce the defeat of interior and exterior enemies. The two horizontal rectangles give stability to the round shape. The rectangular shape represents the honesty and justice of the people of Mongolia whether they stand at the top or at the bottom of society. The area bilge (yin yang) symbol illustrates the mutual complement of man and woman. In socialist times, it was alternatively interpreted as two fish symbolizing vigilance, because fish never close their eyes. The two vertical rectangles can be interpreted as the walls of a fort. They represent unity and strength, relating to a Mongolian proverb: "The friendship of two is stronger than stone walls."
Note on the State Emblem
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